Postpartum depression can cause persistent sadness, anxiety, loss of interest, guilt or exhaustion that affects daily life after childbirth. Depression can also begin during pregnancy; the broader term is perinatal depression. Brief baby blues usually settle within the first two weeks, while persistent, severe or worsening symptoms deserve assessment. A person does not need to wait for a symptom-duration threshold if safety or daily care is already affected.
Describe when the symptoms began, what makes daily tasks difficult and whether there are thoughts of self-harm or harm to the baby. The clinician determines the appropriate level of care and reviews other possible causes.
Consider psychotherapy, medication and support. Ask about expected benefit, uncertainty, side effects and exposure during pregnancy or breastfeeding for the exact medicine. Do not assume that every antidepressant has the same feeding advice.
Agree on the next review, symptom tracking and how to contact the team. Discuss transport, video privacy, infant-care support and opportunities for rest. Involve a support person if you want and when appropriate.
Postpartum psychosis can include hallucinations, delusions, mania, paranoia or confusion. It is a psychiatric emergency and may require hospitalization. Call 911 or go to the nearest emergency department when these symptoms or an immediate threat to safety occur. Worsening depression and thoughts of self-harm or harm to the baby also need prompt professional assessment. Do not stop or start medicine during pregnancy or breastfeeding without an individual clinical discussion.
Review both symptoms and the ability to manage daily life. Tell the team if side effects interfere with feeding, alertness, sleep or caring for the baby. Treatment response varies, and some approaches take weeks. A medicine-specific shorter course does not remove the need for continuing depression care. Arrange a recurrence plan when there is a previous perinatal episode.